Studying cherry tree genes to understand factors regulating fruit growth

18 Jul 2024
748

Deformed or low-sugar fruit, fruit that crack and changes colour, fruit that is more likely to be damaged by cold and drought as well as worse post-harvest storage are some of the major problems that are preventing the cherry sector from growing positively. Solutions to these problems could lie in genetics through a better understanding of the regulation of key genes involved in growth and ripening processes.

Indeed, both climacteric and non-climacteric fruits have ethylene-related biosynthetic pathways for growth, development, stress responses and post-harvest reactions. The ethylene response factor (ERF) is the last response gene in the ethylene signalling system.

It is thought to control the expression of ethylene-related genes and may modify the production of phytohormones such as ethylene, gibberellins, cytokinins and abscisic acid. Understanding ERFs in sweet cherries is therefore important to understand how the fruit grows and how it reacts to ethylene stress.

The ERF is a key transcription factor found only in plants and is composed of many groups of genes. Given this great variability, scientists are very interested in how different and unique the biological processes are.

The study conducted by research centres located between Yantai and Lhasa (China) identified and examined the ERF group of the sweet cherry in terms of classification, physicochemical properties, structure characteristics, chromosome distribution, gene replication and possible protein interactions.

Preliminary research was also carried out on the transcription of the fruit when cracking appeared on the fruit and then compared with regularly growing fruit. Fifty ethylene response factors (ERFs) were found randomly distributed on eight chromosomes and divided into ten groups with 19 conserved motifs.

Comparison of the similarity with other plant species showed their homology especially with apple (Malus domestica L.) for the highest number of ERF genes. The results helped to better understand gene expression patterns, how ERFs are grouped, their structural characteristics and their historical links to other ERFs.

Researchers also found that nine ERF genes are significantly linked to different growth stages in cherry fruits under normal conditions. The researchers then formulated hypotheses on four classes of transcription factors and 23 probably important structural genes that could work together with these ERF genes during normal fruit growth.

This study is a good starting point to learn more about how ethylene response factors influence fruit growth, development and cracking at the molecular level. Furthermore, this work is the first to examine the whole genome of the ERF group in sweet cherry. This is a very important step towards a better understanding of how ERF genes influence fruit growth, development and cracking.

Source: Wang, Y.; Du, X.; Liu, M.; Li, Y.; Shang, Z.; Zhao, L.; Yu, X.; Zhang, S.; Li, P.; Liu, J.; et al. Genome-Wide Exploration of the Ethylene-Responsive Element-Binding Factor Gene Family in Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.): Preliminarily Unveiling Insights into Normal Development and Fruit Cracking. Horticulturae 2024, 10, 247. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae10030247.
Image: Whang et al., 2024

Melissa Venturi
University of Bologna (IT)


Cherry Times - All rights reserved

What to read next

Success for the fifth Global Cherry Summit: market scenarios and projections for the 2025 season from Chile

Events

15 May 2024

Over 1,400 participants from various national and international industry sectors gathered for the fifth Global Cherry Summit, which was attended by a large Chinese delegation, including the Chinese Ambassador to Chile, Niu Qingbao.

Seaweed-based biostimulants for excellent cherry production

Quality

23 May 2024

Biostimulants such as BM86 and CALIBRA contain GoActiv® technology. This combination increases protection against environmental stresses (frost, low or high rainfall, high temperatures) to which the cherry tree is subjected during the production cycle.

In evidenza

The future of cherry cultivation in Emilia-Romagna (Italy): key challenges and new strategies

Production

23 Apr 2025

Cherry farming in Emilia-Romagna faces major challenges: labor costs, installation expenses, phytosanitary threats, and market pressure. Discover how to improve local cherry production while ensuring high quality in a global competitive scenario.

Traverse Bay Farms Launches “USA-Grown Cherries – Never Imported” Logo to Support Local Farmers

Markets

23 Apr 2025

Traverse Bay Farms introduces the “USA-Grown Cherries – Never Imported” logo to promote traceability, sustainability, and local sourcing. A bold move to support Michigan growers and ensure quality, transparency, and true American food pride.

Tag Popolari