The importance of wood age, rootstock, and cultivar in sweet cherry cultivation

20 Sep 2024
537

The improvement of sweet cherry cultivation techniques, such as crop load management, is essential to achieve a good balance between production and fruit quality.

A recent study, conducted in a sweet cherry orchard in Melitopol, Ukraine, focused on the influence that wood age, different rootstocks, and cultivars have on key sweet cherry productivity parameters, such as flower density and fruit size. The results showed that wood age is one of the main factors determining productivity: three-year-old wood sections showed the highest flower density, while starting from the fourth year, a significant decrease occurs.

This suggests that maintaining branches older than three years is not sustainable if high yield levels need to be achieved.

Over a five-year period, two- and three-year-old branches showed the highest flower density, with 256 and 324 flowers per linear meter, respectively. However, this density drops drastically in older wood: four- and five-year-old wood sections showed a significant reduction in flower quantity.

This result is mainly attributed to the lower density of spurs, which are primarily responsible for flower production in sweet cherry trees. The spurs on three-year-old wood produced a greater number of buds and flowers per bud, contributing to productivity. In contrast, older branches, besides producing fewer flowers, showed a lower fruit quality, with a significant reduction in weight and diameter.

In addition to wood age, the rootstock also has a significant impact on productivity and fruit quality. Specifically, vigor seems to have a greater influence on flower induction in one-year-old shoots. For example, trees grafted onto vigorous rootstocks like CAB 6P showed an average fruit weight 18-24% higher than those grafted onto less vigorous rootstocks like Gisela 5. This difference can be attributed to a lower flower density in trees with vigorous rootstocks, thus reducing competition for carbohydrates among the fruits.

The studied cultivars, "Krupnoplidna" and "Melitopolska chorna", showed differences in canopy characteristics and flower production, with "Krupnoplidna" producing more shoots and a greater number of flowers per shoot compared to "Melitopolska chorna". However, no significant differences in fruit weight were found between the two cultivars, although "Krupnoplidna" had larger fruits due to its more rounded shape compared to the more “heart-shaped” fruits of "Melitopolska chorna".

In conclusion, the study's results indicate that to maintain high productivity efficiency and fruit quality in sweet cherry trees, it is advisable to regularly renew lateral branches older than three years. Additionally, the choice of rootstocks and cultivars should consider the specific climatic conditions and orchard requirements to maximize both yield and quality.

Source: Bondarenko, P., Yudytska, I., & Alekseeva, O. (2023). Wood age, rootstocks and cultivars drive the formation of productivity and fruit size in sweet cherry. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 104(1), 13-20. dx.doi.org/10.1139/CJPS-2023-0069.
Image: SL Fruit Service

Andrea Giovannini
University of Bologna (IT)


Cherry Times - All rights reserved

What to read next

Peru could advance Chilean shipments to China thanks to climate

Markets

09 Aug 2024

"A key challenge is that winter temperatures do not fall below 7-8°," says Adam Formica, scientific director of Sensonomic. "There are not enough cold hours for the buds to open. However, technology could help overcome this barrier'.

Hema and GarcesFruit: new Chile-China cooperation for quality cherries

Markets

28 Nov 2024

On November 6, Hema signed a strategic cooperation agreement with GarcesFruit, the leading supplier of Chilean cherries. At the same time, Hema’s first overseas direct procurement base in Chile has been officially completed.

In evidenza

Turkish exporter Alanar focuses marketing on own production

Markets

14 Mar 2025

The decision was motivated by the desire to have more control over product quality and to reduce financial risks. "We will no longer buy fruit as in the past," said Gökyigit.

Tools for controlling Drosophila suzukii

Crop protection

14 Mar 2025

Luis Devotto, entomologist and researcher at INIA Quilamapu, explained to Mundoagro the main factors that make this insect such a harmful pest.

Tag Popolari